Essential of Islam – Fard Ulum Course Date: November 22, 2023

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Key Points

1. Salah for Physically Incapacitated (Mareed Salah):
   • Alternative methods are described for those unable to fulfill physical postures (standing, ruku, sajdah) in Salah.
   • Obligations reduce based on the individual’s capacity (e.g., sitting, lying flat, or merely indicating movements with the head).
2. Qadha Salah (Missed Prayers):
   • Missing Salah is a major sin, but repentance is only valid after completing the Qadha Salah.
   • Rulings on Qadha include:
     • Salah started in the last moments of its time and continued into the next is considered valid (except for Fajr, Jumu’ah, and Eid prayers).
     • Detailed explanations about praying Qadha when incapacitated or in a state of illness.
     • Calculation methods for missed Salah over years and the necessity of structured repayment.
   • Importance of prioritizing Qadha over Nawafil and non-obligatory Sunnahs.
3. Qasr Salah (Shortened Prayers for Travelers):
   • Distance qualifying for Qasr: 57.2 miles or more.
   • Specific conditions:
     • Travelers must shorten four-unit Salah to two units.
     • For stays less than 15 days, Sunnah Mu’akkadah becomes Sunnah Ghair Mu’akkadah.
     • Rulings on how hometown (Watan) and travel destinations affect Qasr Salah.
4. Trust in Digital Applications for Prayer Times:
   • Modern apps like Muslim Pro are deemed accurate for prayer times if settings are correctly configured.
   • They are recommended over personal observations due to environmental factors (e.g., artificial lighting).
5. Fidya for Missed Prayers:
   • Fidya is suggested for those who are permanently incapacitated or have passed away with missed Salah.
   • The amount is calculated based on traditional measures (e.g., 1.6 kg of wheat per Salah or its monetary equivalent).

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Quranic References

• The document mentions the Qur’anic emphasis on Salah as an obligation within specified times (“maktuban”), highlighting the severe repercussions for neglect.

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Hadith References

1. Significance of Salah:
   • Mention of Hadith emphasizing the accountability of Salah on the Day of Judgment.
   • The narration discourages delaying Maghrib until the appearance of stars.
2. Fasting and Fidya:
   • Analogies between Fidya for fasting and missed Salah are drawn from the Sunnah.

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Highlighted Questions and Answers

• Participant Queries: Many questions revolve around practical rulings for Salah, Qasr Salah, and Qadha.
• Examples:
  • Q: Can Fidya be offered for missed Salah?
    A: Yes, but it is not a perfect substitute; it is an act of hope for Allah’s forgiveness.
  • Q: What about travelers uncertain about their length of stay?
    A: If unsure, Qasr Salah continues until a confirmed stay exceeding 15 days.

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Important Themes

• The necessity of prioritizing obligatory actions over optional acts.
• The detailed rulings and flexibility Islam provides for unique circumstances, ensuring adherence to Salah.