December 14, 2024
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Key Points and Summary:
Main Topic: Kitab-ul-Tahara (Book of Purification)
- Focused on water purification for Wudu and Ghusl.
- Derived from classical Islamic texts, with translation and notes for better understanding.
- Sources of water permissible for purification: rainwater, ocean water, river water, melted snow, hail, spring water, and well water.
Water Categories:
- Pure and Purifying (Tahur Mutahir Ghair Makruh):
- Ideal for Wudu and Ghusl.
- Includes natural water sources like oceans and rivers.
- Pure and Purifying but Disliked (Tahur Mutahir Makruh):
- E.g., water drunk by domestic animals (cats, etc.).
- Avoid if other options are available.
- Pure but Not Purifying (Tahur Ghair Mutahir):
- Used water (e.g., previously used for Wudu).
- Impure Water (Ma Najas):
- Contaminated by substances like urine or blood.
- Applies to small bodies of water (less than 10×10 arm lengths) unless flowing.
- Doubtful Water (Ma Mushkuk):
- Water drunk by animals like donkeys or mules.
- Use it for Wudu when no other water is available, followed by Tayammum.
Hadith and Islamic Rulings on Water:
- Water remains pure unless its taste, color, or smell changes due to impurities.
- Flowing water and large bodies of water retain purity despite impurities unless noticeable effects are present.
Key Terms:
- Tahir: Pure.
- Mutahir: Purifying.
- Makruh: Disliked but permissible.
- Najis: Impure.
- Mushkuk: Doubtful purification status.
Quranic and Hadith References:
- Quran emphasizes cleanliness and purification.
- Hadith mentions rulings on permissible and impermissible water.
Question and Answer Highlights:
- Q: Can salty ocean water be used for Wudu?
A: Yes, it is permissible and purifying. - Q: Does chlorine in swimming pools affect water’s purifying ability?
A: Chlorine does not impact its flow or thinness, so it remains usable unless its properties are completely overwhelmed. - Q: What happens if water changes due to solids like sand or liquids like milk?
A: If solids or liquids overwhelm the water, it loses its purifying status. - Q: Is water drunk by animals like donkeys permissible?
A: It is doubtful; perform Tayammum along with Wudu if no other water is available. - Q: What about water in small bodies like pools where impurity mixes?
A: It becomes entirely impure. Larger or flowing water is only impure where the impurity’s effects are visible.
Practical Applications:
- Using Beach or Ocean Water: Permissible for Wudu except in visibly contaminated areas.
- Mixing Hot and Cold Water: Avoid direct hand contact with the water to prevent it from being classified as “used.”
- Leftover Water (Soot):
- Permissible: Human, horse, and edible animals.
- Makruh: Cats, chickens, and predatory birds.
- Najis: Dogs, pigs, and predatory land animals.
Important Considerations:
- Depth matters for large bodies of water; shallow water that reveals the floor upon scooping is considered small.
- In scarcity, use doubtful water with Tayammum.