December 14, 2024
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Key Points:
- Preconditions of Salah:
- Tahara (Purity): Essential to perform Salah.
- Satr al-Aura (Covering): Ensuring proper attire.
- Time of Salah (Waqt): Salah must be prayed within its designated time.
- Salah Timings:
- Dhuhr: Begins when the sun shifts slightly past its zenith.
- Asr: Determined by shadow length:
- Hanafi: Two times the object’s shadow length.
- Shafi’i: One time the object’s shadow length.
- Maghrib: Begins at sunset.
- Isha: After the disappearance of the red twilight (Shafaq Ahmar for Shafi’i, Shafaq Abyad for Hanafi).
- Fajr: Starts at true dawn.
- Makruh (Disliked) Timings:
- 20 minutes after sunrise.
- Zenith (time before Dhuhr begins).
- 20 minutes before Maghrib.
- Special Circumstances:
- Combining Salah during travel or sickness is permitted.
- Delay of Maghrib or praying Asr late (e.g., due to traffic) is allowed but discouraged.
- Following Madhabs:
- Respect for one’s chosen Madhab is emphasized.
- In cases of difficulty, consulting scholars is advised for permissible shifts.
- Sunnah Practices:
- Dhuhr in Summer: Recommended to pray late when the heat subsides.
- Tahajjud: Encouraged as the last prayer before Fajr, especially for those who habitually wake up for it.
Quranic References and Hadith:
- Salah Timings:
- Hadith describing the Prophet ﷺ demonstrating the beginning and end times of Salah.
- Delaying Dhuhr in Summer:
- “Delay the Dhuhr prayer during extreme heat because the severity of heat is from the exhalation of Hell.”
- Night Prayer:
- Verse commanding the Prophet ﷺ to perform Tahajjud as an obligatory act.
Questions and Answers Highlighted:
- Question: Is it permissible to combine Zohar and Asr during travel? Answer: It is permissible under Hanafi Fiqh, provided Zohar is prayed in its last minutes and Asr immediately after.
- Question: Why do differences in Salah timings exist among Madhabs? Answer: Differences stem from interpretations and practices of Sahaba. Each Madhab follows a respective methodology based on Hadith and Qur’an.
- Question: What is the validity of praying Maghrib during twilight? Answer: As per Hanafi Fiqh, Maghrib should be prayed before the appearance of stars to avoid Makruh timing.
- Question: Can one pray Nawafil in Makruh timings? Answer: Nawafil during Makruh timings are sinful unless it is a Qadha (missed) prayer.
Summary:
The document covers foundational knowledge about Salah, emphasizing preconditions, timings, and differences among Islamic schools of thought. It highlights key practices such as the importance of performing Salah within designated times and respecting the chosen Madhab’s rulings. Practical exceptions, such as combining prayers during travel, are detailed. Additionally, it provides clarity on permissible actions during Makruh timings and encourages practices like Tahajjud for spiritual elevation.
The discussion is enriched with examples, Hadith references, and practical scenarios, making it a comprehensive guide for understanding and practicing Salah correctly.